Between the religious massacres, conflicts and martyrdoms that characterised much of Reformation Europe, there seems little room for a consideration of the concept of moderation. Yet it was precisely because of this extremism that many Europeans, both individuals and regimes, were forced into positions of moderation as they found themselves caught in the confessional crossfire. This is not to suggest that such people refused to take sides, but rather that they were unwilling or unable to conform fully to emerging confessional orthodoxies. By conducting an investigation into the idea of 'moderation', this volume raises intriguing concepts and offers a fuller understanding of the pressures that shaped the confessional landscape of Reformation Europe. A number of essays present case studies examining 'moderates' who existed uneasily in the space between coercion and persuasion in Britain, France and the Holy Roman Empire. Others look more broadly at local and national attempts at conciliation, and at the way the rhetoric of moderation was manipulated during confessional conflict. These are all drawn together with a substantial introduction and analytical conclusion, which not only tie the volume together, but which also pose wider conceptual and methodological questions about the meaning of moderation.

'Moderation' in Reformation Europe was in short supply. Yet numerous individuals and regimes found themselves forced into positions of moderation as they were caught in the crossfire of confessional debate. Presenting individual case studies and national attempts at conciliation, this collection of essays outlines various approaches towards understanding moderation in Reformation Europe and examines the way moderation was perceived and manipulated in an age of confessional conflict.

'... the volume's most valuable contribution is its expanded and more nuanced understanding of the Reformation's middle parties.' Journal of Ecclesiastical History 'All told, the collection is good value and well worth reading.' Sixteenth Century Journal 'This book is a very welcome addition to the growing historical literature on Reformation Europe which looks beyond the polemics and the admittedly abundant episodes of intolerance and religious violence to what was very likely a majority of people who, although they thought of their opponents as damnable heretics, were content to leave their judgment to a higher authority.' The Catholic Historical Review