Dental caries is one of the most prevalent worldwide chronic disease of humans and is considered a global health problem in both industrialized and developing countries.The prevalence is still high among children, adolescents, and young adults, and in most countries the disease affects nearly 100% of the population, affecting approximately five billion people worldwide. The literature on dental and oral infections goes back to the ancient Romans, Greeks, and Egyptians. However, it was only in the late 19th and 20th centuries that the field of dentistry was revolutionized. The etiology of dental caries and its progression were proposed and investigated but its details are still being researched today.