Arthur James Balfour (1848-1930) was a notable British Conservative politician who also made contributions to philosophical literature. His book 'Theism and Humanism' (1915), which explores the interrelations between religious faith and humanistic inquiry, is among his most significant philosophical works. Balfour served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905 and was influential in foreign policy and educational reforms. A man of diverse interests, Balfour's intellectual pursuits were reflected in his writing and speeches, which often delineated his scholarly inclination towards rational thought and metaphysical reflection. In 'Theism and Humanism,' Balfour advocates for the compatibility of religious belief with rational inquiry, proposing that humanism is incomplete without theism. This work further consolidates his position in the realm of religious philosophy, seeking to connect the spiritual and intellectual aspects of human life. His literary style is marked by a combination of clarity and thoughtfulness, with an intent to engage both academic and general readers in the contemplation of profound philosophical questions. Beyond his philosophical texts, Balfour's legacy is deeply imprinted on the political and social fabric of his time, with his tenure marked by his leadership during a period of significant change and the formulation of the Balfour Declaration in 1917, which was instrumental in the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.