This volume explores the latest ways to detect hypoxia in the context of cancer, including techniques to study gene expression changes, protein responses, and cellular adaptations to low-oxygen conditions. This book also covers new protocols to characterize hypoxia in tumors with high spatial resolution and novel therapeutic approaches that consider the complex microenvironments of solid tumors. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.