Leaders of the African liberation movements proclaimed ambitious objectives and promised swift dismantling of colonial policies and practices. It was believed that poverty and underdevelopment were consequences of the exploitative policies of the colonial masters, who had no interest in improving living conditions for local communities. Independence and freedom were anticipated to eradicate poverty, ignorance and disease, and the new leadership would accelerate economic development and prosperity. However, after more than 50 years of independence, most African countries are still poor and underdeveloped and this poses a few questions: Have African leaders abandoned their ambitions? Are African challenges more complex than in other regions? Has the political leadership failed to rise to the challenge? In his relentless pursuit of African excellence and development, Professor Lumkile Wiseman Nkuhlu offers profound insights and solutions to the challenges Africa has faced and continues to encounter. He wrestles with the vexing question of how a continent with such a rich history and heritage, as well as potential, remains an underperforming region of the world and offers insights into potential pathways and strategies for breaking free from the vicious cycle of underdevelopment. Africa can become the world's production powerhouse in the second half of this century, provided that intentional and purposeful leadership emerges. Purposeful Leadership for Africa in the 21st Century delves into the leadership strategies, qualities and policies needed for an African renewal, aiming to reposition the continent as a strategic and competitive global player.