Fernando Pessoa was a Portuguese poet, writer, and literary critic, regarded as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and a central figure in modernist literature. Born in Lisbon, Portugal, Pessoa is especially known for his use of heteronyms-distinct literary personas with their own biographies, philosophies, and writing styles. His innovative approach to authorship and language has earned him recognition as a visionary whose influence extends far beyond the borders of Portuguese literature. Pessoa's literary career is defined by the invention of numerous heteronyms, the most famous being Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis, and Álvaro de Campos. Each heteronym had a distinct worldview: Caeiro, a pastoral poet; Reis, a classical stoic; and Campos, a modernist full of energy and angst. Through these personas, Pessoa explored various philosophical and poetic styles, creating a multifaceted body of work that challenges conventional notions of identity and authorship. Pessoa's literary contributions revolutionized Portuguese literature and positioned him as a key figure in European modernism. His work embodies the modern individual's fragmented consciousness and explores themes such as identity, solitude, and the search for meaning. Through his heteronyms, Pessoa introduced a new literary dimension, blurring the boundaries between author and character, self and other. He is often compared to literary giants like James Joyce and T. S. Eliot for his experimental style and philosophical depth. Pessoa's influence can be seen in literature, philosophy, and the arts, and his concept of the divided self has resonated with thinkers and creators around the world.