Mail Carrying Railways Underpaid is a detailed and compelling examination of the financial and operational relationship between the United States government and the nation's railroads in the early 20th century, specifically focusing on the compensation provided for mail transportation services. Authored by the Railway Mail Association, this book delves into the historical context and legislative background that shaped the contracts and payment structures for mail-carrying railways. Through a combination of statistical data, legislative excerpts, and firsthand accounts, the book argues that the railroads were systematically undercompensated for their essential role in the nation's postal system. The narrative traces the evolution of mail transportation by rail, highlighting the increasing demands placed on railway companies as the volume of mail grew with the country's expansion. It scrutinizes the methods used by the government to determine payment rates, exposing flaws and inconsistencies that led to chronic underpayment. The book also discusses the broader economic and social implications of this underfunding, including its impact on railway operations, employee welfare, and the efficiency of the postal service. Mail Carrying Railways Underpaid is not just a technical treatise; it is also a passionate plea for fairness and recognition of the railroads' vital contribution to national communication and commerce. It includes testimonies from railway officials, comparative analyses with other forms of mail transport, and recommendations for policy reform. Rich in historical detail and advocacy, this work provides valuable insight into the intersection of public policy, transportation, and labor during a transformative period in American history.